Marie Curie’s 157th birth anniversary was celebrated on November 7. Why is she important in the world of Science? Read on …
Born on November 7, 1867, in Poland, Marie Curie faced obstacles in pursuing higher education because of her gender. She attended a special school called the Flying University, which offered classes on subjects like Science in secret locations for those who could not attend regular schools.
In 1891, Marie moved to France to study at the Sorbonne and earned degrees in Physics and Maths. Along with her husband, Pierre, she discovered the elements Polonium and Radium. They coined the term ‘radioactivity’ and laid the groundwork for future research in nuclear physics.
Fascinated by the glow of radium in the dark, both Marie and Pierre kept samples of the element in their labs and even on their bedside tables. But the prolonged exposure to radiation, of which nothing was known at that time, had an impact on their health.
In 1903, Marie Curie became the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize in Physics. Initially, the prize was awarded to Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel. After her husband protested, Marie Curie was also included. In 1911, she won a second Nobel Prize in Chemistry, becoming the only person to have won a Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields.
During World War II, she developed mobile radiography units known as Little Curies to help surgeons on the battlefields. Over a million soldiers are said to have been treated by her mobile units.
She also developed hollow needles that contained a radioactive gas emanated by radium to sterilise infected tissue. Later this gas was identified as radon.
The unit that measures the decay rate of radioactive material is called Curie (Ci) after her. Similarly, the temperature at which a ferromagnetic material loses it permanent magnetic properties is called Curie temperature or point.
She established the Curie Institute, a leading cancer research and treatment centre in France.
Radioactive, a 2019 film directed by Marjane Satrapi, tells the story of Marie Curie’s life.
Marie Curie’s daughter and son-in-law, Irene Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joliot-Curie, also won Nobel Prizes in Chemistry in 1935.
Now that you have learnt about this prodigious scientist, here’s a fun game for you. From the given letters, find as many words as possible that are four or more letters long. The central letter must be included in each word. Enter letters by clicking on them, or by typing them in. You can use each of the given letters only once.