The traditional practice of bell ringing of Spain and Italy has been inscribed in the UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
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When you go past a large church, you will often see that the building has a bell tower. The bells are rung to call worshippers to the service, during weddings, funerals and other events. While many are today automated, traditionally the bells were rung manually.
In Spain and Italy, it was even considered a way of communicating within communities and marking time of day apart from celebrating festivals. It had such unique techniques and cultural significance, that the UNESCO added the manual ringing of church bells in Italy and Spain to its List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. While the Spanish tradition was added in 2022, the Italian one was added in 2024.
Distinct styles
In both countries, each region has a distinct style and the bells are more like musical instruments. The bell ringers are trained through informal hands-on practice sessions. The trainees have to learn the oral tradition of the region, acoustic sensitivity, coordination of movements and gestures between the ringers. Apart from this, students of music and architecture are also taught the practice.
Besides training the ringers, the casting of the bell also plays an important role in how the sound is produced. This involves using right proportions of the alloys and making sure the shape and thickness will produce the right pitch and a beautiful tone. Usually, bells are cast from bell metal, which is a kind of bronze, but other metals may also be used.
Another aspect that can affect the sound is the acoustics in the bell tower. This can intensify or even diminish the sound waves created. This can have an impact on the listeners in the church and the reverberation and resonance within the tower can affect the bell ringer as well.
Countries like Spain and Italy are working to revive the tradition of manual bell ringing so that this art does not die out.
Fun facts
Did you know that the art of ringing bells in a musical and artistic way has a specific name? It is called campanology. In Italian, the bell ringers are called campanari.
Bell ringers can actually perform concerts with the maestro or leader reading from the music.
The Notre Dame Cathedral in France has 13 bells, each of which is named after an important person in the Church history. The largest and oldest is Emmanuel, which was cast in 1686 and has been designated a national historic landmark.
Another historic bell is the Big Ben in London, the U.K. Completed in 1859, it is the largest of the five bells in the Elizabeth Tower.